MATLAB is multi-purpose software with a proprietary programming language.
MATLAB is built to handle mathematical operations like matrix multiplication and addition easily, which means you can do it using a single code. Standard loops that can be written in C or C++ can be conveniently written in MATLAB using the same length of code or even shorter. Writing user-defined functions in MATLAB is extremely easy and they can be saved in separate files. This is useful if you have many operations or functions that you regularly use and you don't want to write them each time.
Using MATLAB, you can import data from a txt or excel file using a single command. This is helpful if you want to do analysis on previously recorded data. MATLAB also allows you to save data into an excel file or a .mat file. Saving data in variables is very simple as there are ready-to-use commands that store numbers in a vector or matrix without the need to writea loop.
MATLAB also comes with feature that allows you to design a GUI (graphical user interface) using add and drop boxes. The code for the GUI is automatically generated and you only have to program the functions of the GUI. The GUI program can be conveniently compiled in MATLAB to a standalone application that can be opened on any computer.
In addition to programming, MATLAB comes with numerous tools that are built for specific applications such curve fitting, modelling and simulation of dynamic systems, digital processing, and many other applications in engineering, finance, and economics. These tools can be controlled by using built-in codes so you don't have to manually control your model.
In summary, in addition to the common programs that can be written in other languages, MATLAB offers a fast way to do computational analysis and mathematical operations alongside its many useful tools.