Antenna Based MATLAB Projects

3D-FDTD Analysis of Rectangular Printed Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

In the last decade, The Ultra Wideband antennas are receiving more attractive attention, to satisfy the growth needs of the high data rate transmission in the advanced communication devices. According to the report of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced in 2002, an ultra-wideband antenna must be operable over the whole 3.1GHz-10.6 GHz frequency band. Many studies to broaden the impedance bandwidth of small antennas and to optimize the characteristics of the broaden antennas have been widely reported. A variety of UWB patch antennas have been investigated, due to their ease fabrication, focused mainly in two types of antennas; the printed wide slot having modified tuning stub (such as rectangular stub, circular stub, and fork-like stub) inside the wide slot, and planar monopole antennas (with rectangular, circular, and elliptical shapes) exciting both with microstrip and CPW (Co-Planar Waveguide) lines.

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Design and Validation of a Reflectarray Antenna with Optimized Beam for Ground Target Monitoring with a DVB-S-Based Passive Radar

A reflectarray antenna with an optimized sectorial beam is designed for the surveillance channel of a DVB-S-based passive radar (PR). The employment of satellite illuminators requires a high gain antenna to counteract the losses due to the great distance from the transmitter, but without forgetting a beamwidth wide enough to provide angular coverage. A method based on optimizing the position of several contiguous beams is proposed to achieve the required sectorial pattern. Different reflectarray elements are designed to achieve S-curves with smooth slopes and covering all the required phases (the S-curve represents the reflection phase of a single element, as a function of size, rotation and incidence angle). The real phase and modulus of the reflection coefficient of each element are considered in the optimization process to achieve the best real prototype. Geometry has been studied and adapted to employ commercial elements for the feed, feed-arm and the structure that holds the aperture. The designed prototype has been characterized in an anechoic chamber achieving a stable gain greater than 19 dBi in almost the complete DVB-S band, from 10.5 GHz to 12 GHz with a sectorial beam of 8.7∘×5.2∘. The prototype has also been validated in PR trials in terrestrial scenarios allowing the detection of cars at distances up to 600 m away from the PR, improving the performance achieved with commercial parabolic dish antennas.

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Gain and Radiation pattern of a Dipole antenna

Antenna gain is the ability of the antenna to radiate more or less in any direction compared to a theoretical antenna. If an antenna could be made as a perfect sphere, it would radiate equally in all directions. Such an antenna is theoretically called an isotropic antenna and does not in fact exist. When mounted horizontally, the radiation peaks at right angles (90°) to the conductor, with nulls in the direction of the dipole. Neglecting electrical inefficiency, the antenna gain is equal to the directive gain, which is 1.5 (1.76 dBi) for a short dipole, increasing to 1.64 (2.15 dBi) for a half-wave dipole. The gain of an antenna G = Antenna efficiency * Antenna directivity D. Units for Gain – dB (decibels), dBi (decibels relative to an isotropic antenna), dBd (decibels relative to dipole antenna)

Dipoles are frequently used as resonant antennas. The radiation pattern of the half-wave dipole is maximum perpendicular to the conductor, falling to zero in the axial direction, thus implementing an omnidirectional antenna if installed vertically, or (more commonly) a weakly directional antenna if horizontal. The radiation pattern is defined as a mathematical function or a graphical representation of the far field (ie, for r≫2D2/λ, with D being the largest dimension of the antenna) radiation properties of the antenna, as a function of the direction of departure of the electromagnetic (EM) wave. The dipole antenna is one type of transducer which converts electrical signals into RF electromagnetic waves and radiates them at the transmitting side and converts RF electromagnetic waves into electrical signals at the receiving side.

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Design, Analysis, and Verification of Ka-Band Pattern Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Using RF MEMS Switches

In this project design of a radiating pattern reconfigurable antenna by employing RF Micro-electromechanical Systems (RF MEMS) switches. The antenna has a low profile and small size of 4 mm × 5 mm × 0.4 mm, and mainly consists of one main patch, two assistant patches, and two RF MEMS switches. By changing the RF MEMS switches operating modes, the proposed antenna can switch among three radiating patterns (with main lobe directions of approximately −17.0◦, 0◦ and +17.0◦) at 35 GHz. The far-field vector addition model is applied to analyze the pattern. Comparing the measured results with analytical and simulated results, good agreements are obtained.

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Amateur Satellite Tracking Communication System

In this project design of Our objective in this project was to design an Antenna/Transmitter module to communicate with Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) amateur Satellites in the sky. We based our design specifically for the OSCAR satellites AO-51, FO-29, AO-27, and FO-20.

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Data Acquisition for Flight Tests using Handheld GPS and Electronic Flight Instrument System

In this project design the data acquisition system designed in order to gather flight test data for two different aircraft for the AERO flight test class at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. It summarizes the system, data acquisition devices, methods used, data comparison and validation, and step-by-step procedures to properly gather data for reduction and analysis. Also, the paper gives examples of initial data reduction processes and analysis. It provides a simple MATLAB code that allows data to be extracted from a handheld GPS as well as a procedure to gather data from a black box recorder in Cal Poly’s RV 7 aircraft. It also explains the use of Google Earth in presenting flight data. Lastly, it investigates the use of Smartphone sensors to gather data and explains why it is not viable solution.

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A New Dual-band Microstrip Antenna with U-Shaped Slot

In this project we present a new dual band planar antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip patch with a U-shaped slot that is fed by a broadband electromagnetic coupling probe, known as L-probe. Radiation characteristics of the antenna and different methods for control of the resonant frequencies are investigated.

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Printed Monopole Antennas for Multiband Applications

In this project we have investigated printed rectangular monopole antennas, which is basically a printed microstrip antenna with etched ground plane for multi-band applications.
In particular, we have fabricated and tested printed rectangular monopole antennas for dual-band and penta-band applications. It has been observed that printed rectangular monopole antennas are small in size and simple in design and fabrication but its performance is very good for multiband applications.
Antennas which can work properly in more than one frequency region either for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic (EM) waves, are termed as Multi-band antennas [1]. Such antennas are usually used for dual-band, tri-band, penta-band applications. Multi-band antennas are much more complex than the single band antennas in their design, structures and operations.

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Smart Antenna Array Using Adaptive Beam forming

In this project design of a antenna that is smart according to direction of – arrival estimation and adaptive beam forming is used. So as to acquire the antenna pattern synthesis for a ULA (uniform linear array) Dolph Chebyshev technique is used. Further, for the estimation of Direction of arrival (DOA) MUSIC algorithm (Multiple User Signal Classification) is utilized in order to recognize the directions of the source signals event on the antenna array comprising the antenna system that is smart.

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Tree Based Tag Collision Resolution Algorithms

In this project MATLAB simulation is done on binary search tree, back tracking based, and, matrix based algorithms of RFID. Binary search algorithm uses NRZ encoding to get the collision bits and on its basis, it discovers the minimum valued tag

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Wi-Fi Access Point Placement For Indoor Localization

A method based on simulated annealing, is proposed to find the optimal number and placement of Wi-Fi access points with regard to indoor positioning in this project. Further the performance is investigated in a environment that is real via simulations.

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IEEE 802.11 & Bluetooth Interference: Simulation study

The interference issues and use a new Bluetooth voice packet named synchronous connection-oriented with Repeated Transmission (SCORT) has been investigated in this project to review the improvement in performance. A comprehensive simulation results using MATLAB Simulink has been shown for the sake of simulation results.

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Improving Energy Efficiency in CNC Machining Using MATLAB

Manufacturing processes are among the most energy intensive on earth. As negative ecological and economic impacts increase, reducing energy consumption is becoming critically important. In this article, a comprehensive overview of energy-saving strategies and opportunities for increasing energy efficiency in manufacturing operations is presented, with a focus on metal cutting processes. The issues and approaches involved in energy efficiency of machine tools and machining operations are reported in the literature and a structured research methodology is proposed for this purpose including prediction and modelling of machine energy consumption, determining the relationship between process energy consumption and process variables for material removal processes and optimization of cutting parameters in order to reduce energy consumption. Numerous techniques for increasing energy efficiency in manufacturing processes are identified and summarized, strengths and weaknesses of previous studies are discussed and potential avenues for future research are suggested.

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Modeling the Human Knee using Tensegrity Using MATLAB

This paper proposes a prototype tensegrity flexural joint, which has a kinematic behavior inspired by a human knee. The paper presents the predicted and actual motion of several prototype knee designs during knee flexion. Most robotics literature views the human knee as a revolute joint or as a ball and socket joint, which have limited range of rotation. A knee design which considers the hybrid (flexible-rigid) structure of the knee would be able to better approximate real knee behavior and hopefully lead to a better design of artificial (prosthetic) knees.

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Rapidly Deployable Internet-of-Things Body Area Network Platform for Medical Devices Using MATLAB>

Biomedical devices in the past provided limited capability for the data acquisition and presented the data in the form of user interface for a care provider to observe. Now, what is required for biomedical devices has fundamentally changed. Many devices must now support secure networking and include a network of sensors to enable machine learning-based sensor fusion for accurate inference of the subject’s state.

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Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Simulated in MATLAB

This thesis further develops a method from ongoing thesis projects with the goal of generating images using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) simulations coded in MATLAB. The project is supervised by Dr. John Saghri and sponsored by Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems. SAR is a type of imaging radar in which the relative movement of the antenna with respect to the target is utilized. Through the simultaneous processing of the radar reflections over the movement of the antenna via the range Doppler algorithm (RDA), the superior resolution of a theoretical wider antenna, termed synthetic aperture, is obtained. The long term goal of this ongoing project is to develop a simulation in which realistic SAR images can be generated and used for SAR Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). Current and past Master’s theses on ATR were restricted to a small data set of Man-portable Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar (MSTAR) images as most SAR images for military ATR are not released for public use. Also, with an in-house SAR image generation scheme the parameters of noise, target orientation, the elevation angle or look angle to the antenna from the target and other parameters can be directly controlled and modified to best serve ATR purposes or other applications such as three-dimensional SAR holography.

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Digital Control Board for Phased Array Antenna Beam Steering in Adaptive Communication Applications Using MATLAB

The application of adaptive communication techniques for mobile communications has attracted considerable interest in the last decade. One example of these techniques is spatial filtering through planar antenna array beam forming. This thesis describes the development of a digital system that adaptively controls a phased array antenna. The radiating structure of the phased antenna array is tetrahedral-shaped and contains four antenna elements on each of its three faces. The overall system comprises of a digital control board with an external computer interface, an RF control board, and the phased antenna array. The RF controls the main lobe direction on the phased array antenna.

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Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis Using MATLAB

A linearly-polarized aperture coupled patch antenna design is characterized and optimized using HFSS antenna simulation software. This thesis focuses on the aperture coupled patch antenna due to the lack of fabrication and tuning documentation for the design of this antenna and its usefulness in arrays and orthogonally polarized communications. The goal of this thesis is to explore dimension effects on aperture coupled antenna performance, to develop a design and tuning procedure, and to describe performance effects through electromagnetic principles. Antenna parameters examined in this study include the dimensions and locations of the substrates, feed line, ground plane coupling slot, and patch. The operating frequency, input VSWR, percent bandwidth, polarization ratio, and broadside gain are determined for each antenna configuration. The substrate material is changed from RT Duroid (material in nominal HFSS design to FR4 due to lower cost and availability. The operating frequency is changed from 2.3GHz (specified in nominal HFSS design) to 2.4GHz for wireless communication applications. Required dimensional adjustments when changing substrate materials and operating frequencies for this antenna are non-trivial and the new design procedure is used to tune the antenna. The antenna is fabricated using 59mil thick double and single sided FR4 boards joined together with double sided 45mil thick acrylic tape. The antenna is characterized in an anechoic chamber and experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions. v The results show that the new design procedure can be successfully applied to aperture coupled antenna design.

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A Laboratory Course on Antenna Measurement Using MATLAB

This paper presents background information and experiment procedures for an antenna measurement laboratory course to be held in a new anechoic chamber at California Polytechnic State University. The lab consists of five experiments and one design project intended to give students practical experience with antenna measurement techniques and to creatively apply analytical skills to design, construct, and test antennas that meet given specifications. The experiments reinforce antenna principles including E-field polarization, antenna gain, radiation patterns, image theory, and frequency response. In addition to the experiment procedures, this paper presents the design and characterization of Helical Beam (RHCP and LHCP) and Discone antennas, a Dipole Antenna near Planar and Corner Reflectors, and Dipoles with and without a balun. These antennas demonstrate polarization, antenna gain, broadband matching characteristics, image theory, and feedline radiation due to unbalanced currents. Measured radiation patterns, gain, and axial ratio (helical only) show excellent correlation to theoretical predictions.

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Obstacle Recognition based on Machine Learning for On-Chip LiDAR Sensors in a Cyber-Physical System Using MATLAB

Collision avoidance is an important feature in advanced driver-assistance systems, aimed at providing correct, timely and reliable warnings before an imminent collision (with objects, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.). The obstacle recognition library is designed and implemented to address the design and evaluation of obstacle detection in a transportation cyber-physical system. The library is integrated into a co-simulation framework that is supported on the interaction between SCANeR software and Matlab/Simulink. From the best of the authors’ knowledge, two main contributions are reported in this paper. Firstly, the modelling and simulation of virtual on-chip light detection and ranging sensors in a cyber-physical system, for traffic scenarios, is presented. The cyber-physical system is designed and implemented in SCANeR. Secondly, three specific artificial intelligence-based methods for obstacle recognition libraries are also designed and applied using a sensory information database provided by SCANeR. The computational library has three methods for obstacle detection: a multi-layer perceptron neural network, a self-organization map and a support vector machine. Finally, a comparison among these methods under different weather conditions is presented, with very promising results in terms of accuracy. The best results are achieved using the multi-layer perceptron in sunny and foggy conditions, the support vector machine in rainy conditions and the self-organized map in snowy conditions.

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